Scarver said, "Nothing white people do to blacks is just. Scarver, the second of five children, was born and reared in Milwaukee. He dropped out of James Madison High School in the 11th grade and enrolled in a one-year Conservation Corps job program as a carpenter trainee. He told investigators and Dr. Crowley that after he had completed the program, a supervisor told him he would be hired full time. But the supervisor was dismissed and Mr. Scarver was not hired. Scarver said he blamed the site manager, John P.
Scarver said that after he lost his "job" at the program, he began to drink three ounce bottles of beer every day and smoked at least four marijuana cigarettes a day. Crowley testified in court: "He began to brood about it. He felt that there were racial overtones involved.
Scarver said that his mother made him move out of her home and that his girlfriend was pregnant. He then began planning his revenge. He walked into the training program office on June 1, , expecting to find only Mr.
But another worker, Steven Lohman, was there, too. Scarver ordered Mr. Lohman to lay face down on the floor and demanded money from Mr. When Mr. Scarver shot Mr. Lohman in the head. He shot Mr. Lohman twice more before forcing Mr. Feyen to write the check. Lohman again in the head before Mr. Feyen was able to break free and run into the street. In interviews with Dr. Crowley, he said that he did not want to go to a mental hospital because the doctors would turn him into a "vegetable" and that the voices told him to go to prison instead.
Scarver was in jail awaiting trial when Mr. Dahmer was arrested and the horrors inside his apartment were disclosed. Dahmer went to trial first, and his spirit hung in the courtroom during Mr. Scarver's trial later that year, At one point, the prosecution and the defense in Mr. Scarver's trial argued whether a prosecution psychiatrist who had testified at Mr. Dahmer's trial would be allowed to cite that testimony in establishing his expertise.
Steven Kohn, Mr. Scarver's lawyer, said that mentioning Mr. Dahmer would prejudice his client. Kohn said, "emotions in the community are high.
The judge asked if the psychiatrist was going to compare Mr. Scarver and Mr. Simpson of Milwaukee County replied: "Absolutely not. The cases have nothing to do with each other. Scarver, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Jon Litscher, et al. The plaintiff in this prisoner's civil rights suit, Christopher Scarver , contends that officials of the Wisconsin Secure Program Facility--nicknamed "Supermax"--violated his constitutional right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment.
The district judge, after dismissing several of the defendants, held that a jury could reasonably find that the remaining ones had violated Scarver 's constitutional right by subjecting him to conditions of confinement that had significantly aggravated his mental illness. But she granted summary judgment for these defendants anyway on the ground of qualified immunity: settled law did not, she ruled, establish the unlawfulness of their behavior.
We address the merits, and will not have to consider immunity. Scarver is schizophrenic and delusional, and, unlike most schizophrenics, extremely dangerous.
He has murdered three people, two of them in prison in One was the notorious Jeffrey Dahmer--the cannibal murderer of 17 young men. Scarver , who hears voices constantly, claimed that God had ordered him to commit the murders.
At the time, he was in Wisconsin's Columbia Correctional Institution, where he twice attempted suicide, once by setting fire to himself. The year after the two murders, he was transferred after a brief sojourn in the U. Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri, for a psychiatric evaluation to the federal prison at Florence, Colorado, the most secure prison in the federal system.
The Wisconsin prison authorities didn't think they had a secure enough prison to protect inmates and staff from him. Scarver spent five years in the federal prison at Florence, and was surprisingly well behaved. He was given audio-tapes to help quiet the voices in his head, worked, and was permitted daily contact with other inmates in the prison's recreation yard, all without incident. At the end of this for him happy interlude he was returned to Wisconsin at the request of one of the defendant officials and interned in the then-new Supermax facility in Boscobel, Wisconsin.
The defendants believed that this facility was secure enough to hold him. But after three years there, and after the district court had determined in a preliminary-injunction hearing that "conditions at Supermax are so severe and restrictive that they exacerbate the symptoms that mentally ill inmates exhibit" and that "many of the severe conditions serve no legitimate penological interest; they can only be considered punishment for punishment's sake," Jones 'El v.
Berge, F. The staff at the state prison does not regard him as a management problem. However, he had been there for only a brief time before the record of this case closed. His complaint is about his treatment at Supermax. The facility has several degrees of restrictiveness, called "levels. The cells are illuminated 24 hours a day so that the guards can watch the inmates, although they glance in only intermittently.
The cells are not air-conditioned, and so, being windowless, they become extremely hot during the summer--the heat index sometimes rises above degrees, and often above The inmates are not allowed to have mechanical or electronic possessions, such as a television set, a clock, or even a watch--just one religious text, one box of legal documents, and 25 personal letters. The inmate who behaves himself during his initial day stay at Level One is transferred to Level Two, where he has slightly better conditions and more privileges; and from there he can move by successive promotions based on good behavior to Level Five and then out of Supermax altogether, to a less restrictive prison, though given Scarver 's history it is doubtful whether he could have progressed that far no matter how well he had behaved.
And in any event mentally ill prisoners have great difficulty behaving and therefore getting promoted, or if promoted rarely beyond Level Two staying at their new level, since misbehavior leads to demotion; so they end up spending most of their time at Level One. The heat of the cells during the summer interacted with Scarver 's antipsychotic drugs to cause him extreme discomfort; antipsychotic medication puts a person at risk of heat stroke, dangerously low blood pressure, and a rare and often fatal heat-related disease called neuroleptic malignant syndrome NMS.
The constant illumination of the cells disturbs psychotics. And without audiotapes or a radio or any other source of sound Scarver could not still the voices in his head. He attempted suicide twice, once by taking an overdose of his antipsychotic pills and the other time by swallowing a large number of Tylenol tablets. On several occasions he banged his head against the cell wall for protracted periods, telling a prison psychologist that he wanted to break his head open so that the voices could escape.
He also cut his head with a razor in an effort to cut out whoever or whatever was talking and moving around inside his head.
On another occasion he cut his wrists. His symptoms would worsen when he stopped taking his antipsychotic medication, which he would do when the heat of his cell interacted with the medication to cause him serious distress. It is a fair inference that conditions at Supermax aggravated the symptoms of Scarver 's mental illness and by doing so inflicted severe physical and especially mental suffering.
He was closely watched and so the defendants were well aware of his problems. He attended James Madison High School but dropped out in the eleventh grade. Due to his alcoholism, Scarver was eventually kicked out of the house by his mother and later had a son, also named Christopher.
He was hired as a trainee carpenter in a Wisconsin Conservation Corps job program. According to Scarver, a supervisor named Edward Patts promised him that upon completion of this program, he would be hired full-time.
However, Patts was dismissed, resulting in his full-time position never becoming a reality. On June 1, , Scarver went to the training program office and found the supervisor who had replaced Patts, Steve Lohman.
He held Lohman at gunpoint and ordered him to give him all of his money. Afterward, Scarver turned to the manager John Feyen and demanded more money. Scarver was caught shortly after and sentenced to life in prison at the Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin.
He was subsequently diagnosed with schizophrenia after complaining of experiencing messianic delusions. Years later, on the morning of November 28, , Scarver was assigned to a work detail with Jesse Anderson, a man who murdered his wife, and cannibalistic serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer.
That approach very much relates to my wire work. I use very minimal lines that say a great deal, that have this instant visceral reaction. You get the image and you get the joke. You get the expression in a simple straightforward line. That relates to cartoons. And the positivity that I try to represent relates to that Disney sense of joy. He told me that he had been looking at that sculpture for years and years. Along with original artwork, the Cricket Gallery also exhibits new work inspired by classic animation.
The challenge was in keeping the images unique and as my own vision while honoring the original work. In researching the subject for the Cricket Gallery show, Lohman watched hundreds of cartoons and animated movies featuring iconic animated characters.
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