Pernicious anemia: Some people with pernicious anemia may have gastric polyps , which can increase the risk of stomach cancer. Epstein-Barr virus infection : According to the American Cancer Society, Epstein-Barr virus is found in the cancer cells of about 5 percent to 10 percent of people with stomach cancer. Next topic: What are the symptoms of stomach cancer?
Make a difference in the fight against cancer by donating to cancer research. Call us anytime. This page was updated on September 21, Risk factors for stomach cancer.
Common stomach cancer risk factors include: General Age: Stomach cancer is found most often in people over age Gender: The disease affects men twice as often as women.
The evidence for this link is strongest for people who have 3 or more drinks per day. Smoking increases stomach cancer risk, particularly for cancers of the upper part of the stomach near the esophagus. The rate of stomach cancer is about doubled in people who smoke. Stomach cancers are more likely to develop in people who have had part of their stomach removed to treat non-cancerous diseases such as ulcers. This might be because the stomach makes less acid, which allows more harmful bacteria to be present.
Reflux backup of bile from the small intestine into the stomach after surgery might also add to the increased risk. These cancers typically develop many years after the surgery. Polyps are non-cancerous growths on the lining of the stomach. But adenomatous polyps — also called adenomas — can sometimes develop into cancer.
Certain cells in the stomach lining normally make a substance called intrinsic factor IF that the body needs to absorb vitamin B12 from foods. This condition, called pernicious anemia , can be caused by certain autoimmune conditions, as well as by some types of stomach surgery.
Along with anemia having too few red blood cells , people with this disease have an increased risk of stomach cancer. In this condition, excess growth of the stomach's inner lining causes large folds in the lining and leads to low levels of stomach acid. Because this disease is very rare, it is not known exactly how much this increases the risk of stomach cancer. Some people inherit gene mutations changes from their parents that lead to conditions that can raise their risk of stomach cancer.
These inherited syndromes account for only a small percentage of stomach cancers worldwide. This inherited syndrome greatly increases the risk of developing stomach cancer. Women with this syndrome also have an increased risk of invasive lobular breast cancer.
This syndrome is most often caused by mutations in the CDH1 gene. Lynch syndrome formerly known as HNPCC is an inherited genetic disorder that increases the risk of colorectal cancer , stomach cancer, and some other cancers. These genes normally help repair DNA that has been damaged.
Your risk of developing stomach cancer depends on many things including your age and lifestyle. Helicobacter pylori infection Infection with Helicobacter pylori H. Age and gender Stomach cancer is more common in older people. Men are more likely to get the disease compared to women. Smoking tobacco Smoking tobacco increases your risk of getting stomach cancer.
It is never too late to stop smoking but the sooner you stop the better. Find out about smoking and cancer. Find out more about obesity and cancer. Find out more about alcohol and cancer. Related links. Symptoms Symptoms of stomach cancer include difficulty swallowing, weight loss and indigestion dyspepsia.
There is no national screening programme for stomach cancer in the UK. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert. Gastric cancer adult. Mayo Clinic; Gastric cancer. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Accessed July 24, Niederhuber JE, et al. Cancer of the stomach.
In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. Elsevier; Gastric cancer treatment PDQ. National Cancer Institute. Accessed July 27, Gastric stomach cancer prevention PDQ. Palliative care.
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