This option is obsolete. Turn on the debug flag. A version string and a list of filesystem parameters are printed these data are also printed if the parameters appear to be inconsistent. Specify a 12, 16 or bit FAT. This overrides the automatic FAT type detection routine, so use it with caution! Character set to use for converting between 8 bit characters and 16 bit Unicode characters. The default is iso Long file names are stored on disk in Unicode format.
This is particularly useful when mounting devices like digital cameras that are set to UTC to avoid the pitfalls of local time. Turn on the quiet flag. Attempts to chown or chmod files do not return errors, although they fail. Use with caution! If set, the execute permission bits of the file are only allowed if the extension part of the name is. EXE ,. COM , or. Not set by default. It'll be used to determine number of free clusters without scanning disk.
But it's not used by default, because recent Windows don't update it correctly in some case. I'm sure they meant well, but you probably won't use this option. Default value is '???? Set the umask used for all directories, all regular files, or all files and directories. Defaults to the umask of the current process.
Select partition number n from the device. Defaults to not parsing the partition table at all. Convert all files names to lowercase , or leave them as-is. Disable the use of Microsoft Joliet extensions, even if available. Compare with map , below. Give all files in the filesystem the indicated user or group id, possibly overriding the information found in the Rock Ridge extensions.
See norock , above. For non-Rock Ridge volumes, give all files the indicated mode. Default: read permission for everybody. Also, show hidden and associated files. If the ordinary files and the associated or hidden files have the same file names, this may make the ordinary files inaccessible. Since Linux 1. And non- binary settings used to be very dangerous, possibly leading to silent data corruption. If the high byte of the file length contains other garbage, set this mount option to ignore the high order bits of the file length.
This implies that a file cannot be larger than 16 MB. Character set to use for converting 16 bit Unicode characters on CD to 8 bit characters. The default is to do no conversion. Resize the volume to value blocks. JFS only supports growing a volume, not shrinking it. This option is only valid during a remount, when the volume is mounted read-write. The resize keyword with no value grows the volume to the full size of the partition.
Do not write to the journal. The primary use of this option is to allow for higher performance when restoring a volume from backup media. The integrity of the volume is not guaranteed if the system abnormally abends. Commit metadata changes to the journal. Use this option to remount a volume where the nointegrity option was previously specified to restore normal behavior.
Character set to use when returning file names. This option is deprecated. For 0 or ' no ' or ' false ' , do not use escape sequences for unknown Unicode characters. For 1 or ' yes ' or ' true ' or 2 , use vfat -style 4-byte escape sequences starting with " : ". Here 2 give a little-endian encoding and 1 a byteswapped big-endian encoding. The 8. Set the file permission on the filesystem. The umask value is given in octal. By default, the files are owned by root and not readable by somebody else.
Instructs version 3. This filesystem is longer be compatible with reiserfs 3. Choose which hash function reiserfs use to find files within directories: rupasov.
A hash invented by Yury Yu. It is fast and preserves locality, mapping lexicographically close file names to close hash values. This option should not be used, as it causes a high probability of hash collisions. A Davis-Meyer function which uses hash-permuting bits in the name. It gets high randomness and, therefore, low probability of hash collisions at some CPU cost.
A modified version of the "rupasov" hash. It is used by default, and is the best choice unless the filesystem has huge directories and unusual file-name patterns. Instructs mount to detect which hash function is in use by examining the filesystem being mounted, and to write this information into the reiserfs superblock.
This is only useful on the first mount of an old-format filesystem. Disable the border allocator algorithm. This may provide performance improvements in some situations. Disable journalling. This provides slight performance improvements in some situations at the cost of losing reiserfs 's fast recovery from crashes. Even with this option turned on, reiserfs still performs all journalling operations, save for actual writes into its journalling area.
Implementation of nolog is a work in progress. By default, reiserfs stores small files and 'file tails' directly into its tree. This confuses some utilities such as LILO.
This option is used to disable packing of files into the tree. Replay the transactions that are in the journal, but do not actually mount the filesystem. Mainly used by reiserfsck , which checks the integrity of the filesystem. A remount option which permits online expansion of reiserfs partitions.
Instructs reiserfs to assume that the device has number blocks. This option is designed for use with devices that are under LVM logical volume management. The reiserfs filesystem does not enable write barriers by default. Override default maximum size of the filesystem. The size is given in bytes, and rounded up to entire pages.
The default is half of the memory. The maximum number of inodes for this instance. The default is half of the number of your physical RAM pages, or on a machine with " highmem " the number of lowmem RAM pages, whichever is the lower.
Enable bulk-read. VFS read-ahead is disabled because it slows down the file system. Bulk-Read is an internal optimization. Some flashes may read faster if the data are read at one go, rather than at several read requests. Check data CRC checksums. Do not check data CRC checksums.
With this option, the filesystem does not check CRC checksum for data, but it does check it for the internal indexing information.
This option only affects reading, not writing. CRC is always calculated when writing the data. Select the default compressor that is used when new files are written. It is still possible to read compressed files if mounted with the none option. Set the default umask. Possible values are: old. Old format of ufs ; this is the default, and is read-only, so don't forget to give the -r option as well. For filesystems created by OpenStep currently read-only. The same filesystem type is also used by macOS X.
Set behavior on encountering an error: panic. These mount options don't do anything at present; when an error is encountered only a console message is printed. The mode is given in octal. Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special escaped sequences. This lets you back up and restore file names that are created with any Unicode characters.
Without this option, a '? The escape character is ' : ' because it is otherwise illegal on the vfat filesystem. Allow two files with names that only differ in case.
UTF8 is the filesystem-safe 8-bit encoding of Unicode that is used by the console. There are four modes: lower. Force the short name to lowercase upon display; store a long name when the short name is not all uppercase. Force the short name to uppercase upon display; store a long name when the short name is not all uppercase. Display the shortname as is; store a long name when the short name is not all lowercase or all uppercase.
Display the short name as is; store a long name when the short name is not all uppercase. This mode is the default since Linux 2. Valid values for this option are page size often 4 KiB through to 1 GiB , inclusive, in power-of-2 increments. When the new form is used for the first time by setting or removing extended attributes the on-disk superblock feature bit field is updated to reflect this format being in use.
Enables the use of block layer write barriers for writes into the journal and unwritten extent conversion. This allows for drive level write caching to be enabled, for devices that support write barriers. Use with the mtpt option. These options define what group ID a newly created file gets. When grpid is set, it takes the group ID of the directory where it is created; otherwise the default it takes the fsgid of the current process, unless the directory has the setgid bit set, where case it takes the gid from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set if it's a directory itself.
Sets the number of hash buckets available for hashing the in-memory inodes of the specified mount point. When inode clusters are emptied of inodes, keep them around on the disk ikeep - this is the traditional XFS behavior and is still the default for now. Using the noikeep option, inode clusters are returned to the free space pool.
Indicates that XFS is allowed to create inodes at any location in the filesystem, including those which result in inode numbers occupying more than 32 bits of significance. This is provided for backward compatibility, but causes problems for backup applications that cannot handle large inode numbers. If the filesystem does not have a swidth specified but does specify an allocsize then allocsize in bytes is returned instead.
If neither of these two options are specified, then filesystem behaves as if nolargeio was specified. Set the number of in-memory log buffers. Valid numbers range from 2 - 8 inclusive. The default value is 8 buffers for any recent kernel. Set the size of each in-memory log buffer. Size may be specified in bytes, or in kilobytes with a " k " suffix.
Valid sizes for version 1 and version 2 logs are 16k and 32k. Valid sizes for version 2 logs also include 64k , k and k. The default value for any recent kernel is An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log section, and a real-time section.
The real-time section is optional, and the log section can be separate from the data section or contained within it. Use with the dmapi option. The value specified here is included in the DMAPI mount event, and should be the path of the actual mountpoint that is used. The filesystem is mounted without running log recovery. If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to be inconsistent when mounted in norecovery mode. Some files or directories may not be accessible because of this.
Filesystems mounted norecovery must be mounted read-only or the mount fails. Don't check for double mounted filesystems using the filesystem uuid. This is useful to mount LVM snapshot volumes. This can result in better performance without compromising data safety. NFS makes the actual physical location of the resource irrelevant to the user. Instead of placing copies of commonly used files on every system, NFS allows you to place one copy on one system's disk and let all other systems access it from the network.
Under NFS, remote files are virtually indistinguishable from local ones. A system becomes an NFS server if it has resources to share on the network.
By using the share or shareall command. You can mount NFS file system resources by using a client-side service called automounting or AutoFS , which enables a system to automatically mount and unmount NFS resources whenever you access them.
The resource remains mounted as long as you remain in the directory and are using a file. If the resource is not accessed for a certain period of time, it is automatically unmounted. The AutoFS service is initialized by the automount utility, which runs automatically when a system is booted.
The automountd daemon runs continuously and is responsible for the mounting and unmounting of the NFS file systems on an as-needed basis. If you're wondering how to mount your artwork, keep reading.
A well-executed mount is a brilliant technique to add to your tool-belt, adding an aesthetic quality and creating the perfect environment for the viewer to experience your pictures.
But mounts are also for protection — allowing the art to expand or contract, depending on temperature and the moisture content of the air surrounding it.
Crucially, the mount prevents the delicate pigments on the page from rubbing or pressing on the glass of the frame. If you're framing a pastel drawing or oil painting, this is particularly necessary as the work could stick to the glass and be difficult to remove without causing damage. To create the mount you will need a clean, flat working area, a piece of work to mount, and a few basic tools:.
Mounting may look simple, but it's a more sophisticated process than it first appears. Most standard mounts will have the window edges cut at 45 degrees to create a bevel and have an angled corner. When you cut through the board at an angle, you create a nice finish but the cut needs to be totally straight and clean, meeting at the corners perfectly. Here, we run through the basic methods you need to mount your art, but the more you mount, the better you will get, and you will go on to develop your own style.
Want more? Try our list of essential art techniques and this roundup of art supplies. Aside from different grades, the board can come with different colour cores, such as black, white or cream.
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